Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
1901 - 2024
Year | Name | Gender | Citizenship | Second Citizenship | Born | Affiliation at the time of the award |
2024 | Gary | Ruvkun | Male | United States | | 1952 | Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA |
2024 | Victor | Ambros | Male | United States | | 1953 | UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA |
2023 | Drew | Weissman | Male | United States | | 1959 | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA |
2023 | Katalin | Karikó | Female | Hungary | | 1955 | Szeged University, Hungary and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA |
2022 | Svante | Pääbo | Male | Sweden | | 1955 | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan |
2021 | David | Julius | Male | United States | | 1955 | University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA |
2021 | Ardem | Patapoutian | Male | Lebanon | United States | 1967 | Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA |
2020 | Harvey James | Alter | Male | United States | | 1935 | National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA |
2020 | Michael | Houghton | Male | United Kingdom | | 1949 | University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada |
2020 | Charles Moen | Rice | Male | United States | | 1952 | Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA |
2019 | William G. | Kaelin Jr | Male | United States | | 1957 | Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical, Boston, MA, USA |
2019 | Peter John | Ratcliffe | Male | United Kingdom | | 1954 | University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom |
2019 | Gregg Leonard | Semenza | Male | United States | | 1956 | Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA |
2018 | James P. | Allison | Male | United States | | 1948 | University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA , Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA |
2018 | Tasuku | Honjo | Male | Japan | | 1942 | Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan |
2017 | Jeffrey C. | Hall | Male | United States | | 1945 | University of Maine, Maine, ME, USA |
2017 | Michael | Rosbash | Male | United States | | 1944 | Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
2017 | Michael W. | Young | Male | United States | | 1949 | Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA |
2016 | Yoshinori | Ohsumi | Male | Japan | | 1945 | Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan |
2015 | William C. | Campbell | Male | Ireland | | 1930 | Drew University, Madison, NJ, USA. |
2015 | Satoshi | Ōmura | Male | Japan | | 1935 | Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan. |
2015 | Youyou | Tu | Female | China | | 1930 | China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. |
2014 | John | O'Keefe | Male | United States | | 1939 | University College, London, United Kingdom. |
2014 | May-Britt | Moser | Female | Norway | | 1963 | Centre for Neural Computation, Trondheim, Norway. |
2014 | Edvard | Moser | Male | Norway | | 1962 | Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway. |
2013 | James E. | Rothman | Male | United States | | 1950 | Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. |
2013 | Randy W. | Schekman | Male | United States | | 1948 | University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. |
2013 | Thomas C. | Südhof | Male | Germany | United Sates | 1955 | Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. |
2012 | Sir John B. | Gurdon | Male | United Kingdom | | 1933 | Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. |
2012 | Shinya | Yamanaka | Male | Japan | | 1962 | University Kyoto, Japan, and Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, C, USA |
2011 | Bruce A. | Beutler | Male | United States | | 1957 | The Scripps Research Institute and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas |
2011 | Jules A. | Hoffmann | Male | France | | 1941 | CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) |
2011 | Ralph M. | Steinman | Male | Canada | | 1943 | Rockefeller University |
2010 | Robert G. | Edwards | Male | United Kingdom | | 1925 | University of Cambridge |
2009 | Elizabeth H. | Blackburn | Female | Australia | | 1948 | University of California |
2009 | Carol W. | Greider | Female | United States | | 1961 | Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
2009 | Jack W. | Szostak | Male | Canada | | 1952 | Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital |
2008 | Françoise | Barré-Sinoussi | Female | France | | 1947 | Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur |
2008 | Luc | Montagnier | Male | France | | 1932 | World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention |
2008 | Harald | zur Hausen | Male | Germany | | 1936 | German Cancer Research Centre |
2007 | Mario R. | Capecchi | Male | United States | | 1937 | University of Utah |
2007 | Sir Martin J. | Evans | Male | United Kingdom | | 1941 | Cardiff University |
2007 | Oliver | Smithies | Male | United States | | 1925 | University of North Carolina |
2006 | Andrew Z. | Fire | Male | United States | | 1959 | Stanford University School of Medicine |
2006 | Craig C. | Mello | Male | United States | | 1960 | University of Massachusetts Medical School |
2005 | Barry J. | Marshall | Male | Australia | | 1951 | University of Western Australia |
2005 | J. Robin | Warren | Male | Australia | | 1937 | |
2004 | Richard | Axel | Male | United States | | 1946 | Columbia University |
2004 | Linda B. | Buck | Female | United States | | 1947 | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center |
2003 | Paul C. | Lauterbur | Male | United States | | 1929 | University of Illinois |
2003 | Sir Peter | Mansfield | Male | United Kingdom | | 1933 | University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy |
2002 | Sydney | Brenner | Male | United Kingdom | | 1927 | The Molecular Sciences Institute |
2002 | H. Robert | Horvitz | Male | United States | | 1947 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) |
2002 | John E. | Sulston | Male | United Kingdom | | 1942 | The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
2001 | Leland H. | Hartwell | Male | United States | | 1939 | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center |
2001 | Tim | Hunt | Male | United Kingdom | | 1943 | Imperial Cancer Research Fund |
2001 | Sir Paul | Nurse | Male | United Kingdom | | 1949 | Imperial Cancer Research Fund |
2000 | Arvid | Carlsson | Male | Sweden | | 1923 | Göteborg University |
2000 | Paul | Greengard | Male | United States | | 1925 | Rockefeller University |
2000 | Eric R. | Kandel | Male | United States | | 1929 | Columbia University |
1999 | Günter | Blobel | Male | United States | | 1936 | Rockefeller University |
1998 | Robert F. | Furchgott | Male | United States | | 1916 | SUNY Health Science Center |
1998 | Louis J. | Ignarro | Male | United States | | 1941 | University of California School of Medicine |
1998 | Ferid | Murad | Male | United States | | 1936 | University of Texas Medical School at Houston |
1997 | Stanley B. | Prusiner | Male | United States | | 1942 | University of California School of Medicine |
1996 | Peter C. | Doherty | Male | Australia | | 1940 | St. Jude Children's Research Hospital |
1996 | Rolf M. | Zinkernagel | Male | Switzerland | | 1944 | University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology |
1995 | Edward B. | Lewis | Male | United States | | 1918 | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1995 | Christiane | Nüsslein-Volhard | Female | Germany | | 1942 | Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie |
1995 | Eric F. | Wieschaus | Male | United States | | 1947 | Princeton University |
1994 | Alfred G. | Gilman | Male | United States | | 1941 | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas |
1994 | Martin | Rodbell | Male | United States | | 1925 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
1993 | Richard J. | Roberts | Male | United Kingdom | | 1943 | New England Biolabs |
1993 | Phillip A. | Sharp | Male | United States | | 1944 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Cancer Research |
1992 | Edmond H. | Fischer | Male | Switzerland | United States | 1920 | University of Washington |
1992 | Edwin G. | Krebs | Male | United States | | 1918 | University of Washington |
1991 | Erwin | Neher | Male | Germany | | 1944 | Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie |
1991 | Bert | Sakmann | Male | Germany | | 1942 | Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung |
1990 | Joseph E. | Murray | Male | United States | | 1919 | Brigham and Women's Hospital |
1990 | E. Donnall | Thomas | Male | United States | | 1920 | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center |
1989 | J. Michael | Bishop | Male | United States | | 1936 | University of California School of Medicine |
1989 | Harold E. | Varmus | Male | United States | | 1939 | University of California School of Medicine |
1988 | Sir James W. | Black | Male | United Kingdom | | 1924 | London University, King's College Hospital Medical School |
1988 | Gertrude B. | Elion | Female | United States | | 1918 | Wellcome Research Laboratories |
1988 | George H. | Hitchings | Male | United States | | 1905 | Wellcome Research Laboratories |
1987 | Susumu | Tonegawa | Male | Japan | | 1939 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) |
1986 | Stanley | Cohen | Male | United States | | 1922 | Vanderbilt University School of Medicine |
1986 | Rita | Levi-Montalcini | Female | Italy | United States | 1909 | Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R |
1985 | Michael S. | Brown | Male | United States | | 1941 | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas |
1985 | Joseph L. | Goldstein | Male | United States | | 1940 | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas |
1984 | Niels K. | Jerne | Male | Denmark | | 1911 | Basel Institute for Immunology |
1984 | Georges J.F. | Köhler | Male | Germany | | 1946 | Basel Institute for Immunology |
1984 | César | Milstein | Male | Argentina | United Kingdom | 1927 | MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology |
1983 | Barbara | McClintock | Female | United States | | 1902 | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
1982 | Sune K. | Bergström | Male | Sweden | | 1916 | Karolinska Institutet |
1982 | Bengt I. | Samuelsson | Male | Sweden | | 1934 | Karolinska Institutet |
1982 | John R. | Vane | Male | United Kingdom | | 1927 | The Wellcome Research Laboratories |
1981 | David H. | Hubel | Male | United States | | 1926 | Harvard Medical School |
1981 | Roger W. | Sperry | Male | United States | | 1913 | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1981 | Torsten N. | Wiesel | Male | Sweden | | 1924 | Harvard Medical School |
1980 | Baruj | Benacerraf | Male | United States | | 1920 | Harvard Medical School |
1980 | Jean | Dausset | Male | France | | 1916 | Université de Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie |
1980 | George D. | Snell | Male | United States | | 1903 | Jackson Laboratory |
1979 | Allan M. | Cormack | Male | United States | | 1924 | Tufts University |
1979 | Godfrey N. | Hounsfield | Male | United Kingdom | | 1919 | Central Research Laboratories, EMI |
1978 | Werner | Arber | Male | Switzerland | | 1929 | Biozentrum der Universität |
1978 | Daniel | Nathans | Male | United States | | 1928 | Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
1978 | Hamilton O. | Smith | Male | United States | | 1931 | Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
1977 | Roger | Guillemin | Male | United States | | 1924 | The Salk Institute |
1977 | Andrew V. | Schally | Male | United States | | 1926 | Veterans Administration Hospital |
1977 | Rosalyn | Yalow | Female | United States | | 1921 | Veterans Administration Hospital |
1976 | Baruch S. | Blumberg | Male | United States | | 1925 | The Institute for Cancer Research |
1976 | D. Carleton | Gajdusek | Male | United States | | 1923 | National Institutes of Health |
1975 | David | Baltimore | Male | United States | | 1938 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) |
1975 | Renato | Dulbecco | Male | United States | | 1914 | Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory |
1975 | Howard M. | Temin | Male | United States | | 1934 | University of Wisconsin |
1974 | Albert | Claude | Male | Belgium | | 1899 | Université Catholique de Louvain |
1974 | Christian | de Duve | Male | Belgium | | 1917 | Rockefeller University |
1974 | George E. | Palade | Male | United States | | 1912 | Yale University, School of Medicine |
1973 | Konrad | Lorenz | Male | Austria | | 1903 | österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Institut für vergleichende Verhaltensforschung |
1973 | Nikolaas | Tinbergen | Male | United Kingdom | | 1907 | University of Oxford |
1973 | Karl Ritter | von Frisch | Male | Austria | Germany | 1886 | Zoologisches Institut der Universität München |
1972 | Gerald M. | Edelman | Male | United States | | 1929 | Rockefeller University |
1972 | Rodney R. | Porter | Male | United Kingdom | | 1917 | University of Oxford |
1971 | Earl W. | Sutherland, Jr. | Male | United States | | 1915 | Vanderbilt University |
1970 | Julius | Axelrod | Male | United States | | 1912 | National Institutes of Health |
1970 | Sir Bernard | Katz | Male | United Kingdom | | 1911 | University College |
1970 | Ulf | von Euler | Male | Sweden | | 1905 | Karolinska Institutet |
1969 | Max | Delbrück | Male | United States | | 1906 | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1969 | Alfred D. | Hershey | Male | United States | | 1908 | Carnegie Institution of Washington |
1969 | Salvador E. | Luria | Male | United States | | 1912 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) |
1968 | Robert W. | Holley | Male | United States | | 1922 | Cornell University |
1968 | H. Gobind | Khorana | Male | United States | | 1922 | University of Wisconsin |
1968 | Marshall W. | Nirenberg | Male | United States | | 1927 | National Institutes of Health |
1967 | Ragnar | Granit | Male | Sweden | | 1900 | Karolinska Institutet |
1967 | Haldan K. | Hartline | Male | United States | | 1903 | Rockefeller University |
1967 | George | Wald | Male | United States | | 1906 | Harvard University |
1966 | Charles B. | Huggins | Male | United States | | 1901 | University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research |
1966 | Peyton | Rous | Male | United States | | 1879 | Rockefeller University |
1965 | François | Jacob | Male | France | | 1920 | Institut Pasteur |
1965 | André | Lwoff | Male | France | | 1902 | Institut Pasteur |
1965 | Jacques | Monod | Male | France | | 1910 | Institut Pasteur |
1964 | Konrad | Bloch | Male | United States | | 1912 | Harvard University |
1964 | Feodor | Lynen | Male | Germany | | 1911 | Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie |
1963 | Sir John | Eccles | Male | Australia | | 1903 | Australian National University |
1963 | Alan L. | Hodgkin | Male | United Kingdom | | 1914 | University of Cambridge |
1963 | Andrew F. | Huxley | Male | United Kingdom | | 1917 | London University |
1962 | Francis | Crick | Male | United Kingdom | | 1916 | MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology |
1962 | James | Watson | Male | United States | | 1928 | Harvard University |
1962 | Maurice | Wilkins | Male | United Kingdom | New Zealand | 1916 | London University |
1961 | Georg | von Békésy | Male | United States | | 1899 | Harvard University |
1960 | Sir Frank Macfarlane | Burnet | Male | Australia | | 1899 | Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research |
1960 | Peter | Medawar | Male | United Kingdom | | 1915 | University College |
1959 | Arthur | Kornberg | Male | United States | | 1918 | Stanford University |
1959 | Severo | Ochoa | Male | United States | | 1905 | New York University, College of Medicine |
1958 | George | Beadle | Male | United States | | 1903 | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1958 | Joshua | Lederberg | Male | United States | | 1925 | University of Wisconsin |
1958 | Edward | Tatum | Male | United States | | 1909 | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research |
1957 | Daniel | Bovet | Male | Italy | | 1907 | Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health) |
1956 | André F. | Cournand | Male | United States | | 1895 | Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital |
1956 | Werner | Forssmann | Male | Germany | | 1904 | Mainz University |
1956 | Dickinson W. | Richards | Male | United States | | 1895 | Columbia University |
1955 | Hugo | Theorell | Male | Sweden | | 1903 | Nobel Medical Institute |
1954 | John F. | Enders | Male | United States | | 1897 | Harvard Medical School |
1954 | Frederick C. | Robbins | Male | United States | | 1916 | Western Reserve University |
1954 | Thomas H. | Weller | Male | United States | | 1915 | Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center |
1953 | Hans | Krebs | Male | United Kingdom | | 1900 | Sheffield University |
1953 | Fritz | Lipmann | Male | United States | | 1899 | Massachusetts General Hospital |
1952 | Selman A. | Waksman | Male | United States | | 1888 | Rutgers University |
1951 | Max | Theiler | Male | South Africa | | 1899 | Laboratories of the Division of Physiology or Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller Foundation |
1950 | Philip S. | Hench | Male | United States | | 1896 | Mayo Clinic |
1950 | Edward C. | Kendall | Male | United States | | 1886 | Mayo Clinic |
1950 | Tadeus | Reichstein | Male | Switzerland | | 1897 | Basel University |
1949 | Walter | Hess | Male | Switzerland | | 1881 | University of Zurich |
1949 | Egas | Moniz | Male | Portugal | | 1874 | University of Lisbon |
1948 | Paul | Müller | Male | Switzerland | | 1899 | Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.) |
1947 | Gerty | Cori | Female | United States | | 1896 | Washington University |
1947 | Carl | Cori | Male | United States | | 1896 | Washington University |
1947 | Bernardo | Houssay | Male | Argentina | | 1887 | Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine) |
1946 | Hermann J. | Muller | Male | United States | | 1890 | Indiana University |
1945 | Ernst B. | Chain | Male | United Kingdom | | 1906 | University of Oxford |
1945 | Sir Alexander | Fleming | Male | United Kingdom | | 1881 | London University |
1945 | Sir Howard | Florey | Male | Australia | | 1898 | University of Oxford |
1944 | Joseph | Erlanger | Male | United States | | 1874 | Washington University |
1944 | Herbert S. | Gasser | Male | United States | | 1888 | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research |
1943 | Henrik | Dam | Male | Denmark | | 1895 | Polytechnic Institute |
1943 | Edward A. | Doisy | Male | United States | | 1893 | Saint Louis University |
1939 | Gerhard | Domagk | Male | Germany | | 1895 | Munster University |
1938 | Corneille | Heymans | Male | Belgium | | 1892 | Ghent University |
1937 | Albert | Szent-Györgyi | Male | Hungary | | 1893 | Szeged University |
1936 | Sir Henry | Dale | Male | United Kingdom | | 1875 | National Institute for Medical Research |
1936 | Otto | Loewi | Male | Austria | | 1873 | Graz University |
1935 | Hans | Spemann | Male | Germany | | 1869 | University of Freiburg im Breisgau |
1934 | George R. | Minot | Male | United States | | 1885 | Harvard University |
1934 | William P. | Murphy | Male | United States | | 1892 | Harvard University |
1934 | George H. | Whipple | Male | United States | | 1878 | Rochester University |
1933 | Thomas H. | Morgan | Male | United States | | 1866 | California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1932 | Edgar | Adrian | Male | United Kingdom | | 1889 | University of Cambridge |
1932 | Sir Charles | Sherrington | Male | United Kingdom | | 1857 | University of Oxford |
1931 | Otto | Warburg | Male | Germany | | 1883 | Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie |
1930 | Karl | Landsteiner | Male | Austria | | 1868 | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research |
1929 | Christiaan | Eijkman | Male | Netherlands | | 1858 | Utrecht University |
1929 | Sir Frederick | Hopkins | Male | United Kingdom | | 1861 | University of Cambridge |
1928 | Charles | Nicolle | Male | France | | 1866 | |
1927 | Julius | Wagner-Jauregg | Male | Austria | | 1857 | Vienna University |
1926 | Johannes | Fibiger | Male | Denmark | | 1867 | Copenhagen University |
1924 | Willem | Einthoven | Male | Netherlands | | 1860 | Leiden University |
1923 | Frederick G. | Banting | Male | Canada | | 1891 | University of Toronto |
1923 | John | Macleod | Male | Canada | | 1876 | University of Toronto |
1922 | Archibald V. | Hill | Male | United Kingdom | | 1886 | London University |
1922 | Otto | Meyerhof | Male | Germany | | 1884 | Kiel University |
1920 | August | Krogh | Male | Denmark | | 1874 | Copenhagen University |
1919 | Jules | Bordet | Male | Belgium | | 1870 | Brussels University |
1914 | Robert | Bárány | Male | Austria | | 1876 | Vienna University |
1913 | Charles | Richet | Male | France | | 1850 | Sorbonne University |
1912 | Alexis | Carrel | Male | France | | 1873 | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research |
1911 | Allvar | Gullstrand | Male | Sweden | | 1862 | Uppsala University |
1910 | Albrecht | Kossel | Male | Germany | | 1853 | University of Heidelberg |
1909 | Theodor | Kocher | Male | Switzerland | | 1841 | Berne University |
1908 | Paul | Ehrlich | Male | Germany | | 1854 | Königliches Institut für experimentelle Therapie |
1908 | Ilya | Mechnikov | Male | Russia | | 1845 | Institut Pasteur |
1907 | Alphonse | Laveran | Male | France | | 1845 | Institut Pasteur |
1906 | Camillo | Golgi | Male | Italy | | 1843 | Pavia University |
1906 | Santiago | Ramón y Cajal | Male | Spain | | 1852 | Madrid University |
1905 | Robert | Koch | Male | Germany | | 1843 | Institute for Infectious Diseases |
1904 | Ivan | Pavlov | Male | Russia | | 1849 | Military Medical Academy |
1903 | Niels Ryberg | Finsen | Male | Denmark | | 1860 | Finsen Medical Light Institute |
1902 | Ronald | Ross | Male | United Kingdom | | 1857 | University College |
1901 | Emil | von Behring | Male | Germany | | 1854 | Marburg University |