Innovation Efficiency - 2014

As regards innovation, the more countries sow, the more they are likely to reap. The chart shows the scatter of the innovation output of 143 countries as a function of their innovation input. The two factors are closely associated: the correlation coefficient r = 0.87, and the determination coefficient R² = 0.76, meaning that the variation of output is explained up to 76% by the variation of the input.

To better illustrate the relative efficiency of the reporting countries, the chart is divided into four quadrants by the input median (40.29, red vertical line), and the output median (29.27, red horizontal line).

Top left quadrant: those countries that extract a superior output (above median ) from their below median input — they are the efficiency champions, and they include in descending efficiency order Moldova, Turkey, Ukraine, Viet Nam, Armenia, Jordan, Serbia, Indonesia, Argentina, Kuwait, India, Dominican Republic and Uruguay.

Top right quadrant: we find here the rich and efficient countries, capable of obtaining above median outputs by using above median inputs. The ten top countries, by descending efficiency order are China, Malta, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Iceland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Germany and Sweden.

Lower left quadrant: the have-nots. These countries can only apply below median inputs, thus achieving below median outputs. Destitute economies of Africa, Asia, and Latin America prevail in this quadrant, the top ten by efficiency descending order being Venezuela, Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Senegal, Kenya, Mali, Angola and Ghana.

Lower right quadrant: the laggards. These countries, although using above median inputs, achieve only a low innovation output, suggesting a waste of opportunities. They are, ranked by efficiency descending order, Georgia, Colombia, Montenegro, Peru, Bahrain, Lebanon, Kazakhstan, Oman, Botswana, Albania, Brunei Darussalam, Fiji.

Efficient Utilization of Innovation Inputs
2014
Country	Income Level	Region	GII (Global Innovation Index)	Innovation Input Index ¹	Innovation Output Index ²	Innovation Efficiency Index ³
Score	Rank	Score	Rank	Score	Rank
Albania	UM	EUR	30.47	94	40.51	71	20.43	117	0.50
Algeria	UM	NAWA	24.20	133	31.65	122	16.74	132	0.53
Angola	UM	SSF	23.82	135	26.21	138	21.44	112	0.82
Argentina	UM	LCN	35.13	70	39.18	83	31.07	61	0.79
Armenia	LM	NAWA	36.06	65	39.39	81	32.73	55	0.83
Australia	HI	SEAO	55.01	17	64.57	10	45.46	22	0.70
Austria	HI	EUR	53.41	20	61.33	18	45.49	21	0.74
Azerbaijan	UM	NAWA	29.60	101	37.35	91	21.84	109	0.58
Bahrain	HI	NAWA	36.26	62	45.45	48	27.08	80	0.60
Bangladesh	LI	CSA	24.35	129	29.00	130	19.70	120	0.68
Barbados	HI	LCN	40.78	41	48.32	38	33.24	53	0.69
Belarus	UM	EUR	37.10	58	40.51	70	33.68	50	0.83
Belgium	HI	EUR	51.69	23	58.23	22	45.15	23	0.78
Benin	LI	SSF	24.21	132	30.28	129	18.13	129	0.60
Bhutan	LM	CSA	31.83	86	39.76	76	23.89	102	0.60
Bolivia, Plurinational State of	LM	LCN	27.76	111	32.74	115	22.78	106	0.70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	UM	EUR	32.43	81	39.36	82	25.51	92	0.65
Botswana	UM	SSF	30.87	92	41.20	67	20.54	116	0.50
Brazil	UM	LCN	36.29	61	41.74	63	30.84	64	0.74
Brunei Darussalam	HI	SEAO	31.67	88	44.30	55	19.04	124	0.43
Bulgaria	UM	EUR	40.74	44	44.34	54	37.13	37	0.84
Burkina Faso	LI	SSF	28.18	109	32.87	112	23.49	104	0.71
Burundi	LI	SSF	22.43	138	30.63	126	14.23	141	0.46
Cabo Verde	LM	SSF	30.09	97	38.89	85	21.28	114	0.55
Cambodia	LI	SEAO	28.66	106	32.85	113	24.46	99	0.74
Cameroon	LM	SSF	27.52	114	30.59	127	24.46	100	0.80
Canada	HI	NAC	56.13	12	66.27	8	45.99	20	0.69
Chile	HI	LCN	40.64	46	48.44	37	32.84	54	0.68
China	UM	SEAO	46.57	29	45.79	45	47.35	16	1.03
Colombia	UM	LCN	35.50	68	43.45	58	27.55	77	0.63
Costa Rica	UM	LCN	37.30	57	41.30	66	33.31	51	0.81
Côte d'Ivoire	LM	SSF	27.02	116	28.01	135	26.04	88	0.93
Croatia	HI	EUR	40.75	42	45.10	50	36.40	40	0.81
Cyprus	HI	NAWA	45.82	30	51.73	31	39.92	34	0.77
Czech Republic	HI	EUR	50.22	26	53.59	27	46.85	17	0.87
Denmark	HI	EUR	57.52	8	65.52	9	49.52	12	0.76
Dominican Republic	UM	LCN	32.29	83	34.95	101	29.64	71	0.85
Ecuador	UM	LCN	27.50	115	33.71	105	21.28	113	0.63
Egypt	LM	NAWA	30.03	99	34.05	104	26.01	89	0.76
El Salvador	LM	LCN	29.08	103	36.42	97	21.73	110	0.60
Estonia	HI	EUR	51.54	24	56.81	23	46.27	19	0.81
Ethiopia	LI	SSF	25.36	126	30.36	128	20.35	118	0.67
Fiji	UM	SEAO	30.39	95	45.21	49	15.56	136	0.34
Finland	HI	EUR	60.67	4	67.53	5	53.82	6	0.80
France	HI	EUR	52.18	22	59.51	20	44.85	26	0.75
Gambia	LI	SSF	29.03	104	32.92	111	25.15	93	0.76
Georgia	LM	NAWA	34.53	74	41.10	68	27.95	75	0.68
Germany	HI	EUR	56.02	13	60.31	19	51.74	8	0.86
Ghana	LM	SSF	30.26	96	33.50	106	27.03	82	0.81
Greece	HI	EUR	38.95	50	45.94	44	31.95	58	0.70
Guatemala	LM	LCN	30.75	93	36.69	94	24.82	97	0.68
Guinea	LI	SSF	20.25	139	25.14	140	15.35	138	0.61
Guyana	LM	LCN	32.48	80	37.28	92	27.67	76	0.74
Honduras	LM	LCN	26.73	118	34.84	102	18.62	126	0.53
Hong Kong (China)	HI	SEAO	56.82	10	68.57	2	45.08	24	0.66
Hungary	UM	EUR	44.61	35	47.04	41	42.18	29	0.90
Iceland	HI	EUR	54.05	19	56.77	24	51.33	9	0.90
India	LM	CSA	33.70	76	36.97	93	30.42	65	0.82
Indonesia	LM	SEAO	31.81	87	32.42	117	31.20	60	0.96
Iran, Islamic Republic of	UM	CSA	26.14	120	33.24	107	19.04	125	0.57
Ireland	HI	EUR	56.67	11	63.31	12	50.04	11	0.79
Israel	HI	NAWA	55.46	15	61.80	17	49.11	13	0.79
Italy	HI	EUR	45.65	31	51.21	32	40.09	33	0.78
Jamaica	UM	LCN	32.41	82	39.17	84	25.65	91	0.65
Japan	HI	SEAO	52.41	21	62.21	15	42.61	27	0.69
Jordan	UM	NAWA	36.21	64	40.29	72	32.13	57	0.80
Kazakhstan	UM	CSA	32.75	79	41.10	69	24.40	101	0.59
Kenya	LI	SSF	31.85	85	34.69	103	29.01	73	0.84
Korea, Republic of	HI	SEAO	55.27	16	62.17	16	48.37	15	0.78
Kuwait	HI	NAWA	35.19	69	39.44	79	30.94	62	0.78
Kyrgyzstan	LI	CSA	27.75	112	37.92	90	17.58	131	0.46
Latvia	HI	EUR	44.81	34	49.21	35	40.41	32	0.82
Lebanon	UM	NAWA	33.60	77	42.22	61	24.98	95	0.59
Lesotho	LM	SSF	27.01	117	38.58	87	15.45	137	0.40
Lithuania	HI	EUR	41.00	39	48.73	36	33.27	52	0.68
Luxembourg	HI	EUR	56.86	9	58.78	21	54.94	5	0.93
Madagascar	LI	SSF	25.50	124	31.41	123	19.58	121	0.62
Malawi	LI	SSF	27.61	113	32.97	109	22.25	108	0.67
Malaysia	UM	SEAO	45.60	33	52.46	30	38.74	35	0.74
Mali	LI	SSF	26.18	119	28.65	132	23.71	103	0.83
Malta	HI	EUR	50.44	25	50.57	33	50.31	10	0.99
Mauritius	UM	SSF	40.94	40	46.89	42	34.99	43	0.75
Mexico	UM	LCN	36.02	66	42.19	62	29.86	70	0.71
Moldova, Republic of	LM	EUR	40.74	43	39.42	80	42.06	30	1.07
Mongolia	LM	SEAO	37.52	56	44.76	51	30.28	67	0.68
Montenegro	UM	EUR	37.01	59	45.61	46	28.41	74	0.62
Morocco	LM	NAWA	32.24	84	37.99	89	26.49	86	0.70
Mozambique	LI	SSF	28.52	107	36.42	96	20.61	115	0.57
Myanmar	LI	SEAO	19.64	140	23.03	143	16.25	133	0.71
Namibia	UM	SSF	28.47	108	36.67	95	20.28	119	0.55
Nepal	LI	CSA	23.79	136	31.83	121	15.74	135	0.49
Netherlands	HI	EUR	60.59	5	63.46	11	57.73	2	0.91
New Zealand	HI	SEAO	54.52	18	62.47	13	46.57	18	0.75
Nicaragua	LM	LCN	25.47	125	33.22	108	17.72	130	0.53
Niger	LI	SSF	24.27	131	32.35	118	16.20	134	0.50
Nigeria	LM	SSF	27.79	110	28.63	133	26.95	83	0.94
Norway	HI	EUR	55.59	14	62.37	14	48.82	14	0.78
Oman	HI	NAWA	33.87	75	42.82	59	24.92	96	0.58
Pakistan	LM	CSA	24.00	134	25.44	139	22.57	107	0.89
Panama	UM	LCN	38.30	52	41.40	64	35.20	42	0.85
Paraguay	LM	LCN	31.59	89	36.01	99	27.18	79	0.75
Peru	UM	LCN	34.73	73	42.82	60	26.65	85	0.62
Philippines	LM	SEAO	29.87	100	32.93	110	26.80	84	0.81
Poland	HI	EUR	40.64	45	47.31	40	33.98	48	0.72
Portugal	HI	EUR	45.63	32	52.56	29	38.70	36	0.74
Qatar	HI	NAWA	40.31	47	50.38	34	30.24	69	0.60
Romania	UM	EUR	38.08	55	41.36	65	34.80	44	0.84
Russian Federation	HI	EUR	39.14	49	43.77	56	34.50	45	0.79
Rwanda	LI	SSF	29.31	102	40.19	74	18.43	128	0.46
Saudi Arabia	HI	NAWA	41.61	38	47.85	39	35.37	41	0.74
Senegal	LM	SSF	30.06	98	32.56	116	27.55	78	0.85
Serbia	UM	EUR	35.89	67	40.06	75	31.73	59	0.79
Seychelles	UM	SSF	38.56	51	44.45	53	32.68	56	0.74
Singapore	HI	SEAO	59.24	7	73.60	1	44.88	25	0.61
Slovakia	HI	EUR	41.89	37	46.75	43	37.02	38	0.79
Slovenia	HI	EUR	47.23	28	53.07	28	41.38	31	0.78
South Africa	UM	SSF	38.25	53	45.60	47	30.90	63	0.68
Spain	HI	EUR	49.27	27	55.94	26	42.60	28	0.76
Sri Lanka	LM	CSA	28.98	105	30.92	125	27.04	81	0.87
Sudan	LM	SSF	12.66	143	23.20	142	2.11	143	0.09
Swaziland	LM	SSF	25.33	127	32.21	119	18.45	127	0.57
Sweden	HI	EUR	62.29	3	67.46	6	57.13	3	0.85
Switzerland	HI	EUR	64.78	1	66.44	7	63.11	1	0.95
Tajikistan	LI	CSA	23.73	137	32.82	114	14.65	140	0.45
Tanzania, United Republic of	LI	SSF	25.60	123	31.98	120	19.21	122	0.60
TFYR of Macedonia	UM	EUR	36.93	60	43.45	57	30.42	66	0.70
Thailand	UM	SEAO	39.28	48	44.75	52	33.81	49	0.76
Togo	LI	SSF	17.65	142	28.31	134	6.98	142	0.25
Trinidad and Tobago	HI	LCN	31.56	90	38.64	86	24.49	98	0.63
Tunisia	UM	NAWA	32.94	78	39.75	77	26.14	87	0.66
Turkey	UM	NAWA	38.20	54	39.66	78	36.74	39	0.93
Uganda	LI	SSF	31.14	91	36.32	98	25.96	90	0.71
Ukraine	LM	EUR	36.26	63	38.15	88	34.37	46	0.90
United Arab Emirates	HI	NAWA	43.25	36	56.23	25	30.27	68	0.54
United Kingdom	HI	EUR	62.37	2	68.21	3	56.52	4	0.83
United States of America	HI	NAC	60.09	6	67.92	4	52.27	7	0.77
Uruguay	HI	LCN	34.76	72	40.26	73	29.27	72	0.73
Uzbekistan	LM	CSA	25.20	128	31.26	124	19.14	123	0.61
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	UM	LCN	25.66	122	26.32	137	24.99	94	0.95
Viet Nam	LM	SEAO	34.89	71	35.75	100	34.02	47	0.95
Yemen	LM	NAWA	19.53	141	24.36	141	14.70	139	0.60
Zambia	LM	SSF	25.76	121	28.74	131	22.79	105	0.79
Zimbabwe	LI	SSF	24.31	130	27.18	136	21.45	111	0.79
Median			34.76		40.29		29.27		0.74
Correlation coefficient r							0.87
Determination coefficient R²							0.76
¹ The Innovation Input Index is the simple average of 5 sub-indexes : Institutions (Political environment, Regulatory environment, Business environment), Human capital and research (Education, Tertiary education, Research and development), Infrastructure (ICT, Energy, General infrastructure), Market sophistication (Credit, Investment, Trade and competition) and Business sophistication (Knowledge workers, Innovation linkages, Knowledge absorption).
² The Innovation Output Index is the simple average of 2 sub-indexes : Scientific outputs (Knowledge creation, Knowledge impact, Knowledge diffusion) and Creative outputs (Creative intangibles, Creative goods and services outputs).
³ Innovation Efficiency Index = (Innovation Output ÷ Innovation Input) × 100.

Efficient Utilization of Innovation Inputs
2014

Country

Income Level

Region

GII
(Global Innovation Index)

Innovation
Input Index ¹

Innovation
Output Index ²

Innovation
Efficiency Index ³

Score

Rank

Score

Rank

Score

Rank

Albania

EUR

30.47

40.51

20.43

117

0.50

Algeria

NAWA

24.20

133

31.65

122

16.74

132

0.53

Angola

SSF

23.82

135

26.21

138

21.44

112

0.82

Argentina

LCN

35.13

39.18

31.07

0.79

Armenia

NAWA

36.06

39.39

32.73

0.83

Australia

SEAO

55.01

64.57

45.46

0.70

Austria

EUR

53.41

61.33

45.49

0.74

Azerbaijan

NAWA

29.60

101

37.35

21.84

109

0.58

Bahrain

NAWA

36.26

45.45

27.08

0.60

Bangladesh

CSA

24.35

129

29.00

130

19.70

120

0.68

Barbados

LCN

40.78

48.32

33.24

0.69

Belarus

EUR

37.10

40.51

33.68

0.83

Belgium

EUR

51.69

58.23

45.15

0.78

Benin

SSF

24.21

132

30.28

129

18.13

129

0.60

Bhutan

CSA

31.83

39.76

23.89

102

0.60

Bolivia, Plurinational State of

LCN

27.76

111

32.74

115

22.78

106

0.70

Bosnia and Herzegovina

EUR

32.43

39.36

25.51

0.65

Botswana

SSF

30.87

41.20

20.54

116

0.50

Brazil

LCN

36.29

41.74

30.84

0.74

Brunei Darussalam

SEAO

31.67

44.30

19.04

124

0.43

Bulgaria

EUR

40.74

44.34

37.13

0.84

Burkina Faso

SSF

28.18

109

32.87

112

23.49

104

0.71

Burundi

SSF

22.43

138

30.63

126

14.23

141

0.46

Cabo Verde

SSF

30.09

38.89

21.28

114

0.55

Cambodia

SEAO

28.66

106

32.85

113

24.46

0.74

Cameroon

SSF

27.52

114

30.59

127

24.46

100

0.80

Canada

NAC

56.13

66.27

45.99

0.69

Chile

LCN

40.64

48.44

32.84

0.68

China

SEAO

46.57

45.79

47.35

1.03

Colombia

LCN

35.50

43.45

27.55

0.63

Costa Rica

LCN

37.30

41.30

33.31

0.81

Côte d'Ivoire

SSF

27.02

116

28.01

135

26.04

0.93

Croatia

EUR

40.75

45.10

36.40

0.81

Cyprus

NAWA

45.82

51.73

39.92

0.77

Czech Republic

EUR

50.22

53.59

46.85

0.87

Denmark

EUR

57.52

65.52

49.52

0.76

Dominican Republic

LCN

32.29

34.95

101

29.64

0.85

Ecuador

LCN

27.50

115

33.71

105

21.28

113

0.63

Egypt

NAWA

30.03

34.05

104

26.01

0.76

El Salvador

LCN

29.08

103

36.42

21.73

110

0.60

Estonia

EUR

51.54

56.81

46.27

0.81

Ethiopia

SSF

25.36

126

30.36

128

20.35

118

0.67

Fiji

SEAO

30.39

45.21

15.56

136

0.34

Finland

EUR

60.67

67.53

53.82

0.80

France

EUR

52.18

59.51

44.85

0.75

Gambia

SSF

29.03

104

32.92

111

25.15

0.76

Georgia

NAWA

34.53

41.10

27.95

0.68

Germany

EUR

56.02

60.31

51.74

0.86

Ghana

SSF

30.26

33.50

106

27.03

0.81

Greece

EUR

38.95

45.94

31.95

0.70

Guatemala

LCN

30.75

36.69

24.82

0.68

Guinea

SSF

20.25

139

25.14

140

15.35

138

0.61

Guyana

LCN

32.48

37.28

27.67

0.74

Honduras

LCN

26.73

118

34.84

102

18.62

126

0.53

Hong Kong (China)

SEAO

56.82

68.57

45.08

0.66

Hungary

EUR

44.61

47.04

42.18

0.90

Iceland

EUR

54.05

56.77

51.33

0.90

India

CSA

33.70

36.97

30.42

0.82

Indonesia

SEAO

31.81

32.42

117

31.20

0.96

Iran, Islamic Republic of

CSA

26.14

120

33.24

107

19.04

125

0.57

Ireland

EUR

56.67

63.31

50.04

0.79

Israel

NAWA

55.46

61.80

49.11

0.79

Italy

EUR

45.65

51.21

40.09

0.78

Jamaica

LCN

32.41

39.17

25.65

0.65

Japan

SEAO

52.41

62.21

42.61

0.69

Jordan

NAWA

36.21

40.29

32.13

0.80

Kazakhstan

CSA

32.75

41.10

24.40

101

0.59

Kenya

SSF

31.85

34.69

103

29.01

0.84

Korea, Republic of

SEAO

55.27

62.17

48.37

0.78

Kuwait

NAWA

35.19

39.44

30.94

0.78

Kyrgyzstan

CSA

27.75

112

37.92

17.58

131

0.46

Latvia

EUR

44.81

49.21

40.41

0.82

Lebanon

NAWA

33.60

42.22

24.98

0.59

Lesotho

SSF

27.01

117

38.58

15.45

137

0.40

Lithuania

EUR

41.00

48.73

33.27

0.68

Luxembourg

EUR

56.86

58.78

54.94

0.93

Madagascar

SSF

25.50

124

31.41

123

19.58

121

0.62

Malawi

SSF

27.61

113

32.97

109

22.25

108

0.67

Malaysia

SEAO

45.60

52.46

38.74

0.74

Mali

SSF

26.18

119

28.65

132

23.71

103

0.83

Malta

EUR

50.44

50.57

50.31

0.99

Mauritius

SSF

40.94

46.89

34.99

0.75

Mexico

LCN

36.02

42.19

29.86

0.71

Moldova, Republic of

EUR

40.74

39.42

42.06

1.07

Mongolia

SEAO

37.52

44.76

30.28

0.68

Montenegro

EUR

37.01

45.61

28.41

0.62

Morocco

NAWA

32.24

37.99

26.49

0.70

Mozambique

SSF

28.52

107

36.42

20.61

115

0.57

Myanmar

SEAO

19.64

140

23.03

143

16.25

133

0.71

Namibia

SSF

28.47

108

36.67

20.28

119

0.55

Nepal

CSA

23.79

136

31.83

121

15.74

135

0.49

Netherlands

EUR

60.59

63.46

57.73

0.91

New Zealand

SEAO

54.52

62.47

46.57

0.75

Nicaragua

LCN

25.47

125

33.22

108

17.72

130

0.53

Niger

SSF

24.27

131

32.35

118

16.20

134

0.50

Nigeria

SSF

27.79

110

28.63

133

26.95

0.94

Norway

EUR

55.59

62.37

48.82

0.78

Oman

NAWA

33.87

42.82

24.92

0.58

Pakistan

CSA

24.00

134

25.44

139

22.57

107

0.89

Panama

LCN

38.30

41.40

35.20

0.85

Paraguay

LCN

31.59

36.01

27.18

0.75

Peru

LCN

34.73

42.82

26.65

0.62

Philippines

SEAO

29.87

100

32.93

110

26.80

0.81

Poland

EUR

40.64

47.31

33.98

0.72

Portugal

EUR

45.63

52.56

38.70

0.74

Qatar

NAWA

40.31

50.38

30.24

0.60

Romania

EUR

38.08

41.36

34.80

0.84

Russian Federation

EUR

39.14

43.77

34.50

0.79

Rwanda

SSF

29.31

102

40.19

18.43

128

0.46

Saudi Arabia

NAWA

41.61

47.85

35.37

0.74

Senegal

SSF

30.06

32.56

116

27.55

0.85

Serbia

EUR

35.89

40.06

31.73

0.79

Seychelles

SSF

38.56

44.45

32.68

0.74

Singapore

SEAO

59.24

73.60

44.88

0.61

Slovakia

EUR

41.89

46.75

37.02

0.79

Slovenia

EUR

47.23

53.07

41.38

0.78

South Africa

SSF

38.25

45.60

30.90

0.68

Spain

EUR

49.27

55.94

42.60

0.76

Sri Lanka

CSA

28.98

105

30.92

125

27.04

0.87

Sudan

SSF

12.66

143

23.20

142

2.11

143

0.09

Swaziland

SSF

25.33

127

32.21

119

18.45

127

0.57

Sweden

EUR

62.29

67.46

57.13

0.85

Switzerland

EUR

64.78

66.44

63.11

0.95

Tajikistan

CSA

23.73

137

32.82

114

14.65

140

0.45

Tanzania, United Republic of

SSF

25.60

123

31.98

120

19.21

122

0.60

TFYR of Macedonia

EUR

36.93

43.45

30.42

0.70

Thailand

SEAO

39.28

44.75

33.81

0.76

Togo

SSF

17.65

142

28.31

134

6.98

142

0.25

Trinidad and Tobago

LCN

31.56

38.64

24.49

0.63

Tunisia

NAWA

32.94

39.75

26.14

0.66

Turkey

NAWA

38.20

39.66

36.74

0.93

Uganda

SSF

31.14

36.32

25.96

0.71

Ukraine

EUR

36.26

38.15

34.37

0.90

United Arab Emirates

NAWA

43.25

56.23

30.27

0.54

United Kingdom

EUR

62.37

68.21

56.52

0.83

United States of America

NAC

60.09

67.92

52.27

0.77

Uruguay

LCN

34.76

40.26

29.27

0.73

Uzbekistan

CSA

25.20

128

31.26

124

19.14

123

0.61

Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of

LCN

25.66

122

26.32

137

24.99

0.95

Viet Nam

SEAO

34.89

35.75

100

34.02

0.95

Yemen

NAWA

19.53

141

24.36

141

14.70

139

0.60

Zambia

SSF

25.76

121

28.74

131

22.79

105

0.79

Zimbabwe

SSF

24.31

130

27.18

136

21.45

111

0.79

Median

34.76

40.29

29.27

0.74

Correlation coefficient r

0.87

Determination coefficient R²

0.76

¹ The Innovation Input Index is the simple average of 5 sub-indexes : Institutions (Political environment, Regulatory environment, Business environment), Human capital and research (Education, Tertiary education, Research and development), Infrastructure (ICT, Energy, General infrastructure), Market sophistication (Credit, Investment, Trade and competition) and Business sophistication (Knowledge workers, Innovation linkages, Knowledge absorption).

² The Innovation Output Index is the simple average of 2 sub-indexes : Scientific outputs (Knowledge creation, Knowledge impact, Knowledge diffusion) and Creative outputs (Creative intangibles, Creative goods and services outputs).

³ Innovation Efficiency Index = (Innovation Output ÷ Innovation Input) × 100.

Innovation Efficiency - 2014

Efficient Utilization of Innovation Inputs2014

Efficient Utilization of Innovation Inputs
2014