The complete Gini coefficients
1960 - 2012

Gini Coefficient¹
1960 - 2012

Country

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Slope²

Afghanistan                                                27.82     
Albania                                    28.0     28.2 31.133.0  34.51    0.57
Algeria                            40.1      35.3                 -0.69
Angola                                                 42.66    
Argentina 41.9 35.8 35.3   37.336.1 35.3 36.036.135.240.343.441.341.642.740.240.4 39.842.243.345.247.643.144.143.644.443.846.345.844.846.749.150.452.2)52.8)50.348.847.3746.2646.1344.49  0.30
Armenia                          26.9 28.025.926.929.635.536.632.138.142.0 36.5 48.6 35.948.445.543.440.030.2330.86 31.30  0.44
Australia24.724.925.224.924.124.224.524.724.724.825.024.922.522.920.918.118.719.418.019.020.120.420.721.320.720.721.123.426.324.225.425.926.526.725.528.328.829.230.428.227.927.530.9 29.4        0.13
Austria          29.3 26.7   31.224.3   31.4 34.0   31.6   26.3  31.427.026.025.024.026.024.024.0 27.026.026.025.0      -0.13
Azerbaijan            27.1   26.1    25.2    26.6 31.727.534.5 36.1 42.845.945.846.246.2 50.636.550.8     33.71    0.69
Bahamas, The          46.7  45.3 54.1 50.3 43.1      48.1 40.644.5 41.841.945.3       57.5 48.043.0        -0.02
Bangladesh41.845.0 36.0 44.949.743.6 42.4   36.0   36.635.2  39.0    26.9 28.938.0  28.3   33.6   31.8    33.2    32.12  -0.30
Barbados40.0 39.1       42.637.634.532.8  31.0 30.835.130.928.9                               -0.51
Belarus                     23.4    25.4 24.223.423.3 34.139.9 28.626.928.031.023.524.724.524.624.924.823.827.928.7427.2227.6727.7026.48 0.01
Belgium         36.4   43.8 41.941.640.6 28.3     25.2  25.7   32.530.830.429.028.027.027.029.030.028.0 28.026.028.028.0      -0.38
Benin                                           36.5          
Bhutan                                               38.06    38.730.13
Bolivia        46.2                 51.6  52.554.5 49.553.2 52.757.658.9 44.761.7 60.1 50.5  57.4456.29    0.26
Bosnia and Herzegovina                               32.9         26.2   35.8 36.21     0.21
Botswana           57.4   52.0          54.2       53.7                  -0.08
Brazil53.0         59.0 61.0 55.3 60.0 56.058.956.057.954.257.057.758.958.159.260.961.860.6 57.359.5 59.159.159.259.058.5 58.858.357.656.656.4 55.8955.0754.69   0.00
Bulgaria24.6 21.222.5 22.2 22.915.920.921.521.321.820.220.217.818.425.026.025.825.024.424.725.023.523.422.620.822.020.724.526.233.133.537.438.435.734.134.532.633.233.337.035.135.833.831.028.19     0.36
Burkina Faso                                  48.239.0  46.7    39.5     39.79   -0.38
Burundi                                33.3     42.4              1.51
Cambodia                                  38.5  40.4 37.4    41.7  44.3737.8536.03   0.02
Cameroon                       49.0            47.8    44.6     38.91     -0.39
Canada 30.8   31.6 31.4 32.3 32.2 31.631.031.6 32.0 31.028.531.829.432.833.032.832.532.331.927.427.627.628.328.628.328.829.630.030.029.830.1            -0.08
Central African Republic                                61.3               56.30    -0.31
Chile    46.2   46.0 50.146.044.044.044.047.053.051.051.047.050.049.053.954.255.553.253.947.054.551.953.255.452.250.055.657.256.4 55.957.355.2  54.6     52.06   0.27
China    30.5 30.7 30.9 27.9 27.7 27.326.6 18.631.723.732.025.128.827.225.733.033.334.334.936.035.536.237.832.033.045.239.033.040.335.039.044.745.344.946.9   42.6342.06   0.45
Colombia59.2 52.5 60.3  47.0  56.251.051.0 46.056.050.8 54.550.044.6 52.043.4 44.7  51.253.2 56.750.060.458.057.256.157.658.257.957.5  58.856.2 58.558.8857.2356.6755.91  0.13
Comoros                                            64.3         
Congo, Dem. Rep.                                             44.4        
Congo, Rep.                                             47.3        
Costa Rica 52.1       52.0 47.6  45.2  49.0 45.0 47.542.045.1  34.5  45.345.746.147.046.347.545.847.145.948.1 46.650.049.849.847.947.249.249.2548.8750.73   0.03
Cote d'Ivoire          53.4       50.0      41.238.640.436.9    36.9 36.7  43.8   48.4     41.50    -0.22
Croatia                           21.122.825.127.126.727.526.5   24.626.827.731.331.1 29.0 29.0  33.65    0.41
Cuba  35.0          28.0    27.0                                  -0.52
Cyprus      31.8                              29.0     27.0 29.029.0      -0.09
Czech Republic                           19.819.419.820.122.221.529.023.021.625.823.921.223.223.123.723.424.623.526.025.0      0.24
Czechoslovakia 19.119.018.518.822.618.7 19.4 22.5  21.0 19.520.719.4 19.620.519.7 19.8 19.9 19.820.119.8 24.624.5                    0.08
Denmark 38.0 39.037.0 36.0 43.9  22.5    31.0 40.140.641.336.935.833.933.132.532.131.731.230.730.739.039.038.036.036.0 34.034.035.035.039.035.025.024.024.024.0      -0.17
Djibouti                                    36.8     40.0          0.53
Dominican Republic         45.5      45.0       43.0 47.8  50.5  51.4  50.448.749.647.8 52.150.750.351.951.450.051.948.6949.0048.8647.20  0.13
Ecuador     67.8  32.0 62.5                50.543.9     52.043.7  53.554.556.0  61.862.853.753.454.3150.6249.4349.26  0.01
Egypt, Arab Rep.     40.0         38.0     37.0        32.032.0   30.134.537.4 32.837.8   32.1   30.77    -0.18
El Salvador 54.6   53.953.953.9 46.5       40.0           49.044.852.7  53.049.952.350.852.254.651.952.552.349.448.449.7 46.9746.7548.33   -0.04
Estonia                     25.1    26.7 23.025.324.0 35.839.539.030.136.034.037.636.237.036.936.835.836.034.033.0      0.52
Ethiopia                     32.4             40.0 44.1 30.030.0    29.8     33.60 -0.09
Fiji        46.0   42.3    42.5             46.0                 42.83   -0.01
Finland  47.0   30.9    26.7    21.530.5   20.5   20.0 19.720.220.420.220.119.720.920.921.722.123.524.624.024.024.026.026.025.026.026.0      -0.21
France  49.0  47.0    44.0    43.0   40.3 31.6  37.2    32.728.0   32.429.029.029.028.029.028.027.027.027.028.028.027.0      -0.51
Gabon58.0       56.0      59.3 63.2                44.1          41.5       -0.44
Gambia, The                                47.860.959.4   50.2    47.3         -0.75
Georgia                     24.8    26.7 31.327.729.1 36.940.0  37.136.137.438.138.936.940.340.4 40.8 39.3741.3441.7342.10  0.59
Germany49.0 42.3 47.0  19.938.633.439.4  38.336.536.6  28.1 36.628.1 33.933.435.228.928.628.929.429.829.730.830.430.631.127.025.025.025.025.025.029.028.028.026.027.0      -0.34
Ghana                           35.436.036.0 38.133.933.8   32.740.840.8     42.8       0.38
Greece41.143.644.043.243.944.145.846.343.843.245.344.9  41.3      36.8      37.7    32.7 35.034.035.035.034.033.033.0 35.033.033.034.0      -0.28
Guatemala      30.0            49.7       58.3 59.6        55.7 55.0 55.352.449.4 53.7      0.41
Guinea                               47.2  40.3        43.3   39.35     -0.28
Guinea-Bissau                               56.2 47.840.0       35.5          -1.60
Guyana                                51.652.0    44.643.2             -1.29
Haiti                           51.5            50.959.5           0.31
Honduras        56.6                 54.9  59.557.450.054.554.055.256.152.853.152.151.5   53.954.556.755.356.1661.3356.95   0.02
Hong Kong SAR, China   46.2  46.7    40.9 39.8  40.9   37.345.2    42.0    45.0    52.0                0.11
Hungary  25.7 20.9  22.7 24.422.9 23.6 22.1 21.921.421.4 20.7 20.9 21.3 22.121.026.825.129.320.930.527.923.424.224.625.424.927.827.326.926.826.830.028.033.031.18     0.17
Iceland                                            24.025.026.0      1.00
India32.633.132.630.731.031.131.130.531.931.530.4  31.929.241.6 32.1     31.5  32.231.831.130.529.732.532.034.337.235.5 36.5 31.7    36.8     33.90  0.06
Indonesia    33.3  32.7  30.746.3    34.651.038.6 35.633.7  32.4  32.0  32.0  34.0  36.0  30.8  34.3  39.4  34.11 35.5738.14 -0.03
Iran, Islamic Rep.        50.241.945.543.642.349.546.0         42.9 47.4   43.6   43.0   44.1      38.3       -0.13
Iraq                                           35.141.5  30.86     -1.63
Ireland             36.7      36.0      35.2      36.233.033.033.034.032.030.029.0 31.032.032.032.0      -0.19
Israel 37.1 33.3     38.4      36.4  36.4      34.948.2    35.4  50.5 35.8   37.2           0.13
Italy       40.040.040.038.040.038.042.041.039.035.036.036.037.037.032.031.0   33.034.4 33.9 32.5 36.3 36.232.031.031.030.029.029.033.3 33.033.032.0      -0.24
Jamaica        62.8    65.1 44.5    65.5       43.242.042.241.138.535.7 36.940.542.138.544.237.9 48.3 45.5        -0.63
Japan  38.235.735.834.8 35.134.935.735.536.933.432.533.634.433.933.732.933.933.434.334.828.127.835.029.3  31.235.0 31.124.9 31.6 30.331.9              -0.19
Jordan             38.0      36.732.332.9   36.1     43.4    36.4    38.938.8  37.7 33.82 35.43  0.03
Kazakhstan                     25.7    27.3 25.728.929.7  32.7  35.3    31.335.033.937.042.041.430.8829.3329.04   0.32
Kenya68.048.8  63.0  66.0 68.0 70.0  69.0 68.059.0   57.357.357.3        57.5 42.1  42.5 57.0     47.7       -0.42
Korea, Dem. Rep.                                                      
Korea, Rep. 32.0  33.034.434.2   35.336.0    39.1   38.6 35.7 35.434.5  33.6   34.931.6 32.832.831.737.2     31.6        -0.04
Kyrgyz Republic                     24.3    25.9 47.7 27.030.830.053.744.339.542.840.536.034.641.437.731.734.232.939.346.033.4337.2936.1936.5133.38 0.14
Lao PDR                                30.4    34.9    32.6     36.74    0.32
Latvia                     24.8    25.2 22.524.424.024.733.327.032.531.031.631.733.633.032.732.235.937.935.736.039.036.2736.6134.81   0.58
Lebanon51.1                                                     
Lesotho                          56.060.9     57.9 63.2   60.0  52.5          -0.16
Liberia              43.0                                38.16     -0.15
Lithuania                     24.4    23.7 22.526.324.8 37.233.635.033.332.430.930.234.331.932.432.331.835.836.035.0 37.57    0.48
Luxembourg                         26.716.6    26.8  27.029.028.025.026.027.026.027.0 28.026.026.028.0      0.20
Macedonia, FYR                             32.234.926.723.527.227.329.531.129.528.230.834.433.438.839.036.239.139.4 44.2043.1743.56  0.80
Madagascar46.0 39.1                 46.9            46.1   39.2 41.8 47.5   47.2    44.11  0.03
Malawi         47.0       51.8     56.7 59.9       62.0   50.3      39.0     43.91  -0.22
Malaysia        55.5 51.8     53.0  51.0    48.6  47.0 46.244.2 47.7  48.5 49.2 44.3    37.9  46.00 46.21   -0.26
Mali                             36.5    50.6      40.0    39.0   33.02  -0.34
Malta                                        30.0    28.028.0      -0.35
Mauritania                           43.942.546.0  36.850.1 37.3    39.0       40.46    -0.22
Mauritius               41.9    45.7     39.8    37.0    38.7    37.1           -0.27
Mexico   52.7    52.258.058.3    55.7 49.6      46.3    55.1  51.1 51.953.751.9 53.1 51.9 49.7 46.151.048.1 48.28 47.16  -0.14
Moldova                     22.9    24.8 24.125.026.7 34.336.537.939.041.436.942.636.943.736.236.941.135.643.032.735.2735.3034.0233.03  0.44
Mongolia                                   33.2 32.130.3   32.8  33.0  36.52    0.28
Montenegro                                               30.8329.9930.2628.58  -0.65
Morocco50.0    50.0   56.054.5    59.0    52.4   39.239.7    39.239.2   35.6  39.539.540.6      40.88     -0.41
Mozambique                                    44.5     47.1     45.66    0.10
Namibia                                 74.3                    
Nepal                50.253.0      30.1          37.738.8      47.347.2     32.82  -0.24
Netherlands  44.0    35.4     29.8   28.4   29.8 27.8 28.1 29.429.0  31.831.731.931.731.629.026.025.026.025.026.027.027.0 27.026.0      -0.25
New Zealand61.059.7 58.258.157.756.355.655.455.155.254.754.355.254.753.251.552.331.9 34.8 33.934.135.335.835.536.5 36.640.233.438.2  33.140.437.033.8  33.9  33.5        -0.74
Nicaragua                                 56.4    53.9  50.3   52.3       -0.40
Niger34.0                               36.1 41.550.6         43.9  34.55    0.13
Nigeria          59.857.952.5  43.0    44.435.236.1  38.7      45.0   46.550.6     42.9      48.83  -0.14
Norway   36.0      30.5  34.8  31.9  31.4  32.5 32.231.724.522.423.924.725.223.824.024.525.525.827.828.127.227.328.926.729.627.025.028.030.0      -0.17
Pakistan   38.738.1 35.534.933.633.633.032.134.0           36.935.534.633.431.4 33.233.230.334.2  28.7 33.0  30.430.6 31.231.2  30.02    -0.12
Panama50.0 36.1     40.155.744.8 42.6      48.7         57.0 56.8   57.156.348.555.456.356.656.556.556.154.9 54.9  52.0351.92  0.26
Papua New Guinea                                    50.9                 
Paraguay                       45.1      39.7   48.059.1 56.5 56.9 56.958.058.155.253.9 53.3152.0551.0452.42  0.33
Peru 66.652.0      48.059.455.057.0        57.0   45.731.0   43.948.2  44.9 46.247.955.455.549.653.054.752.047.552.049.651.6548.9549.0548.14  -0.14
Philippines 51.3   51.3     49.4   45.4         41.0  40.6  43.8  42.9  46.2  46.1  44.5  44.0  42.98   -0.15
Poland27.2 26.8 26.426.0    23.1 23.224.0  25.8 24.2 23.121.320.124.625.825.225.025.524.626.928.326.532.431.732.333.032.734.732.933.132.932.834.135.636.634.933.034.0234.2134.0733.7532.73 0.26
Portugal             15.0      33.0         32.017.2   37.036.036.037.036.036.037.0  38.038.038.0      0.60
Puerto Rico   44.9     51.6       38.7 50.2         50.9         55.8   55.8         0.27
Qatar                                               41.10      
Reunion                 51.0                                    
Romania                             23.322.924.325.526.728.230.630.530.529.429.930.330.631.535.235.931.536.432.1031.1530.0024.2427.42 0.28
Russian Federation                     25.1     26.126.427.126.932.437.146.143.647.148.138.837.4 43.242.231.0 46.944.545.143.7142.2740.11   0.69
Rwanda                        28.9               46.7          50.82 0.83
Senegal52.4         49.043.0                   54.1  41.4      41.3   39.2     40.30 -0.20
Serbia                                          31.140.339.339.338.829.4028.1627.8029.62  -1.26
Serbia and Montenegro                                     29.428.927.337.337.8           2.52
Seychelles                  46.0                            65.77     0.68
Sierra Leone       59.052.4       49.0            62.9             42.5       35.35 -0.39
Singapore      49.8     40.045.743.444.845.044.042.043.043.043.046.047.047.046.046.046.041.047.043.647.047.048.047.044.347.047.047.046.748.1            0.09
Slovak Republic                           19.419.518.318.018.019.518.3  25.824.926.224.926.426.326.729.925.426.028.028.1326.8626.00   0.49
Slovenia                           23.6 22.222.826.525.929.224.626.426.124.028.424.824.624.429.224.331.224.024.0      0.10
Somalia                                          39.7           
South Africa54.0    55.0    51.0    47.0    49.0    47.0 45.0  63.0  59.3 56.6 54.5  57.8        63.14   0.20
South Sudan                                                 45.53    
Spain     38.9       34.5      26.8    25.226.025.824.425.933.0   35.034.034.035.034.033.032.033.031.030.331.032.031.0      0.01
Sri Lanka   46.0      35.6  35.2     44.042.0 37.0  32.532.538.8  32.530.1   35.434.4   33.2 41.1    40.26  36.40  -0.10
St. Lucia                                   42.6                  
Sudan   44.6    44.039.3                                       35.29   -0.18
Suriname  30.0                                    52.9             0.62
Swaziland              63.7                   60.7     50.750.4        51.49  -0.40
Sweden54.354.153.553.152.752.252.152.051.750.649.248.547.846.846.145.043.620.420.219.719.919.719.919.420.420.521.420.520.421.021.924.323.024.027.025.623.825.424.226.129.526.325.825.423.023.024.0      -0.77
Switzerland                  31.2   32.3        33.836.0     31.9 31.829.531.1          -0.05
Taiwan 46.9  32.9   32.6 29.429.529.1 28.7 28.028.428.728.527.728.128.328.728.729.029.629.930.330.331.230.831.231.631.831.731.732.032.432.532.635.034.534.3         0.01
Tajikistan                     25.2    27.2 31.827.633.4        31.5   32.633.6  32.55 30.83   0.20
Tanzania    41.2  50.350.942.0       52.0     52.0       33.834.038.1      34.635.0     37.58     -0.34
Thailand  41.341.4     42.644.849.9   41.745.1    45.2    42.7 43.8 45.2 46.2 43.4 43.4 41.443.543.2 42.0 42.5   40.5140.0239.37  -0.06
Timor-Leste                                         39.5            
Togo                                              34.4    39.29 0.98
Trinidad and Tobago     48.7     45.0    45.0    41.7      42.6   40.3                    -0.27
Tunisia 50.9   51.6    50.2    44.0    43.0    43.4    40.2    41.7    40.8         36.06  -0.31
Turkey   55.0    56.0    51.047.0   51.040.0   52.0   43.6      41.5     40.0 42.745.0 43.2 39.2638.9538.7340.03  -0.31
Turkmenistan                     26.2    25.2 26.230.730.8  35.4   24.940.826.5             0.34
Uganda          40.1                  44.4  42.6   37.1  43.144.9 45.8  42.6   44.30   0.10
Ukraine        24.6   25.0   24.2   34.623.6   32.224.9 23.324.424.021.825.736.4 38.535.131.339.129.036.336.428.340.841.028.241.029.5627.5126.4425.62  0.22
United Kingdom35.525.724.226.625.824.625.724.624.425.225.426.226.525.424.523.823.723.423.424.825.325.825.726.326.527.828.530.131.832.233.633.733.933.832.932.032.030.032.032.032.031.035.034.0 34.032.0      0.21
United States42.343.242.141.841.941.741.341.640.639.139.439.640.139.739.539.739.840.240.240.440.340.641.241.441.541.942.542.642.743.142.842.843.445.445.645.045.545.945.645.846.246.646.246.446.6        0.14
Uruguay 36.6 37.1   42.8        45.0   42.443.741.540.441.041.740.237.8 42.3  42.1  42.342.842.844.0 44.345.045.444.946.245.0 47.6346.2746.2845.32  0.16
USSR        26.2   26.5   26.0   24.525.8  24.925.6  26.228.928.1  30.5                   0.13
Uzbekistan                     24.8    26.4 25.030.431.5  33.3    45.4 26.840.934.636.7 39.7       0.62
Venezuela, RB  39.7        47.7    43.642.440.739.443.255.842.242.552.145.344.653.544.444.142.542.541.341.743.246.848.848.849.546.844.146.447.548.245.447.643.4      0.09
Vietnam                                35.733.4  36.7 35.5   37.6 39.2 37.8 35.57    0.17
West Bank and Gaza                                               38.65 35.50   -1.58
Yemen, Rep.                                39.5     33.4      37.7       -0.11
Yugoslavia   31.223.030.627.225.834.726.025.024.322.822.122.721.821.4 34.222.021.020.021.031.832.832.433.233.338.732.327.530.530.033.834.333.735.527.5               0.23
Zambia          61.8 57.0  59.051.0              60.5 52.6  49.8 53.4   42.142.150.7     57.49  -0.25
Zimbabwe        66.362.9                    56.8    70.3                 0.01
Median49.043.439.138.735.840.934.837.743.841.942.643.334.935.641.042.536.440.134.239.736.629.334.434.033.134.532.233.331.131.031.832.735.735.539.036.836.034.836.834.036.335.635.938.836.736.034.239.137.642.439.434.5n/a-0.09
Average45.642.537.538.937.640.937.639.141.742.041.641.537.036.239.241.237.538.635.737.136.532.535.137.635.235.334.035.132.335.334.235.436.939.039.239.238.236.838.337.638.337.138.539.438.637.336.640.839.841.740.035.8n/a-0.04
Maximum68.066.653.558.263.067.856.366.066.368.062.570.061.065.169.059.368.063.256.058.965.557.957.357.357.759.958.160.960.962.963.060.561.374.360.770.359.159.259.060.061.759.560.161.864.356.758.565.861.363.157.550.8n/a-0.08
Minimum24.619.119.018.518.822.218.719.915.920.921.521.321.815.020.217.818.418.618.019.019.919.719.919.420.419.916.619.419.418.318.017.219.518.320.921.622.123.521.223.223.123.723.424.323.023.024.028.126.926.024.226.5n/a0.12
¹ See definition of Gini coefficient. Gini coefficients in this table are mostly from World Bank (WB) Poverty Database but, when WB data are unavailable especially for former years, they are completed with data from World Income Inequality Database, UNU-WIDER UN University, World Institute for Development Economics Research (see sources). Since Gini indexes may vary with the sample scope, the survey method, the unity of analysis or the variable definition, one should be cautious when making inferences from comparisons among countries and along time periods.
² Slope of the linear regression line. This coefficient provides an insight of the trend, either positive or negative. A high positive value reveals a serious increase of the country' inequality, and vice-versa.

 

Sources: World Bank Group - Data and Statistics, and World Income Inequality Database, UNU-WIDER UN University.

 

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